{"id":6609,"date":"2021-06-07T05:47:19","date_gmt":"2021-06-06T22:47:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/?p=6609"},"modified":"2022-06-17T05:46:00","modified_gmt":"2022-06-16T22:46:00","slug":"tien-so-ngan-hang-trung-uong-co-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/vi\/tien-so-ngan-hang-trung-uong-co-ban\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng: V\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]Th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, nhu c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 (digital payments) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (private crytocurrencies), ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (hay ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng – central bank digital currencies, CBDCs) c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 CBDC v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. CBDC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n
  2. CBDC kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n
  3. CBDC tham gia\/thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ra sao?<\/li>\n
  4. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a CBDC mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    Ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (CBDC) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (a central bank digital currency, CBDC) \u2013 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n di\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng – l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (ti\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh, fiat money) d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 (a digital banknote) (IMF 2016)<\/p>\n

    Ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (CBDC) c\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: (1) CBDC giao d\u1ecbch l\u1ebb (a retail CBDC) \u2013 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thanh to\u00e1n trong Dubai Palace casino thể thao, casino, slot game, bắn cá, xổ số, mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch l\u1eabn nhau; v\u00e0 (2) CBDC giao d\u1ecbch s\u1ec9 (a wholesale CBDC) \u2013 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao d\u1ecbch qua c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

    V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

    CBDC l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia theo lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do v\u1eady, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n: (1) trung gian trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u2013 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n phi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (nonfinancial assets – nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb…), c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng; (2) d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb – ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i; (3) \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u2013 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c ni\u00eam gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n phi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, do v\u1eady ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam c\u00f9ng 3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u00ean tr\u00ean; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 (4) ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c thanh to\u00e1n tr\u1ec5 h\u1ea1n hay thanh to\u00e1n b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u2013 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (electronic money) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng (transferrable deposits) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi (deposits) thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n in \u0111\u00fac c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia (currency, ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y & ti\u1ec1n xu).<\/p>\n

    Ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (electronic money) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n (payment instrument) theo \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n (monetary value) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (physical device) hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (server). C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (electronic money), c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

    Trong khi ti\u1ec1n in \u0111\u00fac c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia (currency, ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y & ti\u1ec1n xu) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, th\u00ec ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (electronic money) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt m\u00e3 (cryptography) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch (authenticate transactions) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt (confidentiality) v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n (integrity) c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    Ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (CBDC) so v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n theo ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba. Hai lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh bao g\u1ed3m: (1) Ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u2013 gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 xu (physical cash, currency, notes & coins); v\u00e0 (2) Ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (electronic central bank deposits). D\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (central bank reserves) hay c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 thanh to\u00e1n (settlement balances); \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng (transferrable deposits) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

    D\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (private money). Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (commercial bank deposits) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (hay l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (transferrable deposits) v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi kh\u00e1c (short-term deposits)) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (commercial bank money) theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau: (1) cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t to\u00e1n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thanh to\u00e1n li\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng (interbank payments) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (central bank money); (2) b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (commercial bank money) v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (central bank money) th\u00f4ng qua cung c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t (banknote provision); v\u00e0 (3) cung c\u1ea5p thanh kho\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho vay c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (lender of last resort).<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (physical cash, currency) v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef (reserves) l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u1ee3 (liability) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (commercial bank deposits) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. V\u00ec v\u1eady CBDC v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi<\/em> c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

    CBDC v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung (a general purpose CBDC) s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (central bank), c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (operator(s)), c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n (payment service providers and banks).<\/p>\n

    CBDC so v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

    CBDC (central bank money) c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n \u1ea3o v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (cryptocurrencies) \u2013 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (privately issued crytocurrencies).M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Bitcoin, Libra…<\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thanh to\u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CBDC<\/strong><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t mua m\u1ed9t ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1. M\u1ed7i trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) Ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t (cash) do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, SBV) ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m; hay (2) Th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (credit card) hay th\u1ebb ghi n\u1ee3 (debit card), hay ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (mobile wallet) \u2013 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i qua internet.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f9 theo c\u00e1ch thanh to\u00e1n (1) hay (2) th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch n\u00e0y thanh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i (balance sheet) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 SBV ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n). N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0, c\u00e1ch thanh to\u00e1n (1) v\u00e0 (2) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u nay xung quanh ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang mua c\u00e0 ph\u00ea sau khi CBDC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. V\u1edbi ly c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 \u2013 50.000 VND\/ly t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ba kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng sau: (1) V\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3 t\u1edd 50.000 VND ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. (2) V\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb ghi n\u1ee3 (debit card) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.(3) V\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 ba thanh to\u00e1n qua v\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (mobile wallet) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i CBDC.<\/p>\n

    \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u2013 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169 (ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 m\u1edbi (CBDC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 ba); trong khi v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    CBDC c\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh cho th\u1ea5y CBDC ra \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: (1) Gia t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (financial inclusion); (2) T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 (monetary policy transmission); (3) T\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u thanh to\u00e1n (payment safety and efficiency); v\u00e0 (4) S\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t (availability of cash) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a CBDC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

    Xem th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p “Ti\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng: V\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a>” c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y Ch\u00e2u V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean Khoa Kinh t\u1ebf, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf TP.HCM. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Ng\u00e0y 05\/06\/2021.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1\/6\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text]Th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, nhu c\u1ea7u thanh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 (digital payments) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n (private crytocurrencies), ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00ean","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[515,24,107],"tags":[440,673,671],"acf":[],"lang":"vi","translations":{"vi":6609},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6609"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6609"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6609\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7327,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6609\/revisions\/7327"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}