{"id":5631,"date":"2019-07-25T11:59:33","date_gmt":"2019-07-25T04:59:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/?p=5631"},"modified":"2019-07-25T12:05:38","modified_gmt":"2019-07-25T05:05:38","slug":"dua-thi-nghiem-vao-trong-giang-day-va-nghien-cuu-kinh-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/vi\/dua-thi-nghiem-vao-trong-giang-day-va-nghien-cuu-kinh-te\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u01b0a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

Samuelson v\u00e0 Nordhaus trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cKinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc\u2026 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc hay sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc, kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/em> (Samulelson and Nordhaus, 1985). \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i! Gi\u1ea3i Nobel Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2002 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho Daniel Kahneman v\u00e0 Vernon Smith, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Vernon Smith v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, sau \u0111\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Trong 3 ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb 22 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 th\u00e1ng 7 v\u1eeba qua, 25 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean cao h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, do T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (International Foundation for Research in Experimental Economics \u2013 IFREE) v\u1edbi GS. Vernon Smith l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng khoa Kinh t\u1ebf – Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf TP.HCM (Dubai Palace) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb University of Alabama, University of Alaska Anchorage, Chapman University v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf TP. HCM.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cung – c\u1ea7u trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea1nh tranh, \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, Dubai Palace casino thể thao, casino, slot game, bắn cá, xổ số ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Sau m\u1ed7i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00ecnh \u0111ang h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Vernon Smith (1962), sinh vi\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh giao d\u1ecbch mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Holt (1999) c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 giao d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t xa gia c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u00fa v\u1ecb: sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t khi tham gia, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho sinh vi\u00ean chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft chung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kinh t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tr\u1edf n\u00ean vui h\u01a1n, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u00f3i, v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00e9p b\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u. L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u1ed3n \u00e0o h\u01a1n, sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea5y b\u00fat ra t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua hay b\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng trong n\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1eafng hay thua trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m do International Foundation for Research in Experimental Economics (IFREE<\/a>) t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a khoa Kinh t\u1ebf (Dubai Palace School of Economics<\/a>) v\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Environment for Development, EfD-Vietnam<\/a>), Vi\u1ec7n Kinh t\u1ebf M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (Economy & Environment Partnership for Southeast Asia, EEPSEA<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Samuelson v\u00e0 Nordhaus trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cKinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc\u2026 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc hay sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107],"tags":[],"acf":[],"lang":"vi","translations":{"vi":5631,"en":5637},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5631"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5631"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5635,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5631\/revisions\/5635"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/se.dotv.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}