{"id":32416,"date":"2026-05-22T14:04:33","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T07:04:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hr.dotv.vn\/?p=32416"},"modified":"2026-05-22T14:04:33","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T07:04:33","slug":"nhung-tieu-chuan-tham-dinh-du-an-ma-nguoi-lam-tai-chinh-can-hieu-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hr.dotv.vn\/tin-tuc\/nhung-tieu-chuan-tham-dinh-du-an-ma-nguoi-lam-tai-chinh-can-hieu-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"
Trong th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NPV, IRR hay th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i 5 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n NPV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b> NPV \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1o ra, sau khi quy \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n: NPV tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi <\/span>“Sau khi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra hay ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y bao nhi\u00eau gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb?”<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/b><\/p>\n \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/b> NPV l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/b> K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 NPV ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbn v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u2014 n\u1ebfu \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n sai, NPV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, NPV kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n: m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 NPV l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n NPV nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1edbi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n IRR l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b> IRR l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u l\u00e0m cho NPV c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng 0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c sinh l\u1eddi m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n Quy t\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: n\u1ebfu <\/span>IRR > WACC<\/b> (chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n), d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/span><\/p>\n \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/b> IRR d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau h\u1eefu \u00edch khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhanh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c so s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/b><\/p>\n MIRR l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b> MIRR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a IRR, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hai gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh l\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1t h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh l\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean MIRR thay v\u00ec IRR?<\/b><\/p>\n PI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/p>\n PI = Hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ea7n \u00f7 V\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/b><\/p>\n PI cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n b\u1ecf ra t\u1ea1o ra bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u2014 hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng <\/span>hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n<\/span><\/i> thay v\u00ec t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/b><\/p>\n \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/b> PI \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea1nh tranh. Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 NPV l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t (\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t), PI gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n b\u1ecf ra.<\/span><\/p>\n H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/b> PI kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quy m\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Hai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 PI nh\u01b0 nhau nh\u01b0ng NPV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec v\u1eady, PI n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi NPV, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n PP v\u00e0 DPP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/p>\n PP (Payback Period)<\/b> l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n thu v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00ednh theo d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n danh ngh\u0129a ch\u01b0a chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u.<\/span><\/p>\n DPP (Discounted Payback Period)<\/b> l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a PP \u2014 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/b> Tr\u1ef1c quan, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Dubai Palace casino thể thao, casino, slot game, bắn cá, xổ số bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/b><\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00f2ng ti\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Dubai Palace casino thể thao, casino, slot game, bắn cá, xổ số.<\/span><\/p>\n\n
1. NPV \u2013 Hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 thu\u1ea7n (Net Present Value)<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n
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2. IRR \u2013 Su\u1ea5t sinh l\u1eddi n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i (Internal Rate of Return)<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n
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3. MIRR \u2013 Su\u1ea5t sinh l\u1eddi n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh (Modified Internal Rate of Return)<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n
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4. PI \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh l\u1eddi (Profitability Index)<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n
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5. PP & DPP \u2013 Th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n (Payback Period & Discounted Payback Period)<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n
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Mu\u1ed1n \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/b><\/h5>\n